Wednesday 17 July 2013

Sharai Nuqta Nazar - Aakhir Aurat hi pe Ilzam Kion?



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Tarikh-e-Barre Saghir Pako Hind [history of Subcontinent Hindustan]

Muhammad bin Qasim [695-715] 

Muhammad bin Qasim was orphaned as a kid and thus the liability of his childhood dropped upon his mom. She monitored his religious training herself, and employed different instructors for his life knowledge. It was the dad, Hajjaj bin Yousaf, who trained him the art of regulating and combat.
Qasim was an brilliant and grown young man who at the age of 15 was regarded by many to be one of his uncle's biggest resources. As a display of believe in in his nephew's capabilities, Hajjaj wedded his little girl to Qasim. At the age of 16, he was requested to provide under the outstanding common, Qutayba bin Islamic. Under his control Muhammad bin Qasim shown a abilities for skilful battling and army preparing. Hajjaj's finish believe in in Qasim's capabilities as a common became even more obvious when he employed the young man as the leader of the all-important intrusion on Sindh, when he was only 17 decades of age. Muhammad bin Qasim shown Hajjaj right when he, without many issues, handled to win all his army strategies. He used both his thoughts and army abilities in catching locations like Daibul, Raor, Uch and Multan. Record does not feature of many other commanders who handled such an outstanding success at such an early age.





Besides being an outstanding common, Muhammad bin Qasim was also an outstanding manager. He recognized serenity and purchase as well as a excellent management framework in the places he overcome. He was a type hearted and religious individual. He had outstanding regard for other beliefs. Hindu and Buddhist religious management were given stipends during his concept. The the indegent of the area were significantly stunned at his guidelines and a variety of them accepted Islam. Those who trapped to their old beliefs constructed sculptures in his regard and began worshiping him after his leaving from their area.



Muhammad bin Qasim was known for his behavior to the leader. Walid bin Abdul Malik passed away and was been successful by his young sibling Suleman as the Caliph. Suleman was an attacker of Hajjaj and thus requested Qasim returning to australia. Qasim realized of the bitterness between the two. He was conscious that due to this enmity, he would not be well handled. He could have quickly rejected to follow the Caliph's purchases and announce his freedom in Sindh. Yet he was of the perspective that paying attention to ones leader is the duty of a common and thus he made the decision to go returning to the middle. Here he became a sufferer to celebration state guidelines. He was put behind cafes where he passed away at age of 20. Many researchers believe that had he been given a few more decades, he would have overcome the whole Southern Oriental area.

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Friday 12 July 2013

Dictionary - A Short History

The first known dictionaries were Akkadian Empire cuneiform tablets with multilingual Sumerian–Akkadian wordlists, discovered in Ebla (modern Syria) and old roughly 2300 BCE. The starting 2nd millennium BCE Urra=hubullu information is the canonical Babylonian version of such multilingual Sumerian wordlists. A Chinese suppliers terminology, the c. 3rd millennium BCE Erya, was the very first sustained monolingual dictionary; although some sources review the c. 800 BCE Shizhoupian as a "dictionary", contemporary allow opinions it a calligraphic summary of Chinese suppliers numbers from Zhou kingdom bronzes. Philitas of Cos (fl. 4th millennium BCE) wrote a innovative terminology Insane Circumstances (Ἄτακτοι γλῶσσαι, Átaktoi glôssai) which described the facts of uncommon Homeric and other imaginary conditions, conditions from local 'languages', and terminology.

Apollonius the Sophist (fl. 1st millennium CE) wrote the very first sustained Homeric terminology.[6] The first Sanskrit terminology, the Amarakośa, was already released by Amara Sinha c. 4th millennium CE. Created in range, it specific around 10,000 conditions. According to the Nihon Shoki, the first Japanese individuals people terminology was the long-lost 682 CE Niina information of Chinese suppliers numbers. The first present Japanese individuals people terminology, the c. 835 CE Tenrei Banshō Meigi, was also a information of released Chinese suppliers. A 9th-century CE Irish terminology, Sanas Cormaic, engaged etymologies and information of over 1,400 Irish conditions. In Native indian around 1320, Amir Khusro compliled the Khaliq-e-bari which mainly managed Hindvi and Close by conditions.

Arabic dictionaries were gathered between the 8th and Fourteenth 100's of decades CE, preparing conditions in rhyme buy (by the last syllable), by alphabetical buy of the radicals, or according to the alphabetical buy of the first communication (the system used in contemporary European terminology dictionaries). The contemporary system was mainly used in expert dictionaries, such as those of conditions from the Qur'an and hadith, while most typical use dictionaries, such as the Lisan al-`Arab (13th millennium, still the best-known large-scale terminology of Arabic) and al-Qamus al-Muhit (14th century) specific conditions in the alphabetical buy of the radicals. The Qamus al-Muhit is the first useful terminology in Persia, such as only conditions and their information, eliminating the helping cases used in such dictionaries as the Lisan and the Oxford British Vocabulary.


In historical European nations, glossaries with alternatives for latina conditions in terminology or simpler latina were in use (e.g. the Leiden Glossary). The Catholicon (1287) by Johannes Balbus, a huge sentence execute with an alphabetical terminology, was generally applied. It offered as the base for several multilingual dictionaries and was one of the very first books (in 1460) to be printed. In 1502 Ambrogio Calepino's Dictionarium was already launched, originally a monolingual latina terminology, which over the course of the 16th millennium was improved to become a multilingual information. In 1532 David Estienne launched the Data source linguae latinae and in 1572 his son Henri Estienne launched the Data source linguae graecae, which offered up to the 19th millennium as the factors for Ancient lexicography. The first monolingual terminology released in a Loving efforts terminology was Sebastián Covarrubias' Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, launched in 1611 in The town. In 1612 the first version of the Vocabolario dell'Accademia della Crusca, for France, was already launched. It offered as the style for similar works in Italy, Language and British. In 1690 in Rotterdam was already launched, posthumously, the Dictionnaire Universel by Antoine Furetière for Italy. In 1694 revealed up the first version of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française. Between 1712 and 1721 was already launched the Vocabulario portughez e latino released by Raphael Bluteau. The Real Colleges Española launched the first version of the Diccionario de la lengua española in 1780, but their Diccionario de Autoridades, which engaged estimates taken from imaginary works, was already launched in 1726. The Totius Latinitatis terminology by Egidio Forcellini was first of all launched in 1777; it has recognized the factors for all similar works that have since been launched.
The first version of A Greek-English Vocabulary by Gretchen Gretchen Liddell and David Scott revealed up in 1843; this execute remained the main terminology of Ancient until the end of the Last millennium. And in 1858 was already launched the first variety of the Deutsches Wörterbuch by the Bros Grimm; the execute was completed in 1961. Between 1861 and 1874 was already launched the Dizionario della lingua italiana by Niccolò Tommaseo.






Émile Littré launched the Dictionnaire de la langue française between 1863 and 1872. In the same year 1863 revealed up the first variety of the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal which was completed in 1998. Also in 1863 Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl launched the Useful Vocabulary of the Living Outstanding European Language. The Duden terminology goes coming back to 1880, and is currently the prescriptive source for the punctuation of In in german. In 1898 was printed the first variety of the Svenska Akademiens ordbok, whose guide is still in enhancement.

Thursday 11 July 2013

Dictionary - A Definition

A language (also known as a wordstock, term referrals, wordbook, language, or vocabulary) is a selection of conditions in one or more particular 'languages', often detailed alphabetically (or by extreme and action for ideographic languages), with utilization details, explanations, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information;[1] or a guide of conditions in one language with their counterparts in another, also known as a language. According to Nielsen (2008) a language may be considered as a lexicographical item that is classified by three important features: (1) it has been ready for one or more functions; (2) it contains information that have been chosen for the objective of satisfying those functions; and (3) its lexicographic components weblink and set up connections between the information so that they can fulfill the needs of customers and fulfill the functions of the language.

A wide difference is made between common and particular dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries do not contain details about conditions that are used in language for common purposes—words used by common people in daily circumstances. Sentence products that explain ideas in particular areas are usually known as conditions instead of conditions, although there is no agreement whether lexicology and language are two different areas of research. Theoretically, common dictionaries are expected to be semasiological, applying term to meaning, while particular dictionaries are expected to be onomasiological, first determining ideas and then developing the conditions used to assign them. In exercise, the two techniques are used for both kinds. There are other kinds of dictionaries that don't fit nicely in the above difference, for example multilingual (translation) dictionaries, dictionaries of alternatives (thesauri), or rhyming dictionaries. The phrase language (unqualified) is usually recognized to make mention of a monolingual general-purpose language.

A different sizing on which dictionaries (usually just general-purpose ones) are sometimes recognized is whether they are prescriptive or illustrative, the latter being in concept mostly based on language corpus studies—this is the case of most contemporary dictionaries. However, this difference cannot be upheld in the most stringent feeling. The choice of headwords is considered itself of prescriptive nature; for example, dictionaries prevent having too many taboo conditions in that place.

Stylistic signs (e.g. ‘informal’ or ‘vulgar’) existing in many contemporary dictionaries is considered less than logically illustrative as well.
Although the first documented dictionaries go back to Sumerian times (these were multilingual dictionaries), the methodical research of dictionaries as things of technological interest themselves is a 20th-century business, known as lexicography, and mostly started by Ladislav Zgusta.[3] The beginning of the new self-discipline was not without debate, the realistic dictionary-makers being sometimes charged of "astonishing" deficiency of technique and critical-self representation.

UrduEnglishDictionary.org is site which let you translate Urdu words in English and English words in Urdu.

Tuesday 9 July 2013

Urdu Language - An Introduction

Urdu, the nationwide terminology of Pakistan, was designed around the 1600’s in Main Japan.  The phrase ‘Urdu’ comes from the Turkish term ‘ordu’ significance ‘camp’ or ‘army’.  It was used as a unifying interaction device between the Islamic military during their cure of Historical Native Indian (including Nations eastern until Myanmar) and Southern Persia.  These military were of Nearby, Arabic, or Turkish nice.  Many of the military, however, were of Nearby source.  This straight impacted the terminology to be used between them.  The terminology of the govt and that which taken over previously on was Farsi, but gradually modified to Urdu to provide the other backgrounds.  Despite the simple reality, Urdu terminology contains roughly 70% Farsi and the relax being a mix of Persia and Turkish.  The sentence structure requires some components from Farsi and Persia but also has components that are exclusive and different from all three of its mom tongues.  In present times, however, many Urdu sound system have implemented many British and Hindi conditions following the consequences of globalization and the achievements of Bollywood, the Native indian movie market, in Pakistan.




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Urdu English Dictionary iPhone/iPad/iOS App was launched in December 2011 and has been downloaded on more than 100,000 iOS devices till today! It serves more than 10,000 iOS users everyday!

                    






Urdu English Dictionary Android App for all android phones, android tablets and android devices

Urdu English Dictionary Android App was launched in November 2012 (6-7 months ago) for all android phones, android tablets and all other android devices.

Urdu English Dictionary Android App has been installed on nearly 60,000 android devices since Nov 2012 till today! There are nearly 17,000 active daily users using Urdu English Dictionary App on their devices.

Urdu English Dictionary Android App
Urdu English Dictionary Android App
  

History of Language - Urdu


Upon the conquest of the lands past the Indus, the Muslim armies gathered and ready for their battles. The strength of the communication between them can be the determinant of their fate. This was ordered the foundations of the Urdu language. Muhammad bin Qasim began it, the Arab who entered what's currently Pakistan proclaiming the message of the One God and his final traveler within the 700’s ce. For the next thousand years several Arab, Persian, and Turkish armies conquered the region; some for worldly gains et al who wanted profit within the life to return. A language that habitual all languages that came into power came to be referred to as ‘Urdu’, which means camp, relating history of the language however it came to existence through the military camps or as Rekhta , and others shaped or mixed.

The dialect of the Muslims of centered and Southern Asia was Persian for the time between 1000 CE and 1700 CE. It was the dialect of the government, publications, and education. After the 1700’s, Urdu emerged as the overriding force replacing Persian step-by-step. Urdu, although, could be advised as a derivative of Persian as its vocabulary remained over 70% Farsi. Urdu differentiated itself from its predecessor with added grammatical usages and a larger leverage of Arabic. The most renowned Urdu literature is written by Mirza Assadullah Ghalib and Allama Iqbal and their works are read until today.

The fall of the Urdu language started in the late 1800’s. Coincidentally it was the identical time when the Muslims lost command of the region to the British after ruling (majority) Hindu India for over 1200 years. The imperialist power gave large importance to the spread of English and chose Hindustani as the intermediate dialect for the mean man. Hindustani was the dialect blended between Urdu and Hindi (with the scale slanted heavily in the direction of the latter). It was utilised as a tool to amalgamate the Hindus and the Muslims into a single persona, servants of Britain. At this issue the managers and educated amidst the Muslims knew that if they didn’t create their own state, they would shortly be Indianized loosing their belief, heritage, and identity.

The Muslims conceived their state to the far West of the Empire, bordering Iran. They left the towns from which they ruled such as Agra to the Hindus. Islamic architecture and signs of Muslim direct can still be discovered in India to this day. The land of the Muslims came to be renowned as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اسلامی جمہوریہِ پاکستان), converted as ‘the Land of the Pure’. There were large visions for the people, the country, and the state (ایمان, اتحاد, و نظم) belief, harmony, and control and respect :based on three major values. A authority by the will of the people that would organisation the Shari’a system (Islamic Law) while at the identical time encouraging learning and the progression of the territory. A illusion of financial, technological, and scientific progression abstaining from that which the Creator forbade and remaining steadfast on what He commanded. Urdu was at that time the language of the government, informative system, and the people.

Then befell unto Pakistan tragedies that could be lamented until the Day of Resurrection. Corrupt men and women took control of the country and utilised the power for individual gain; learning and literacy dropped substantially. The Urdu dialect was directly affected by these events. Media and expertise were on the increase and more and more persons had access to motion video images. Soon the widespread man was drawn to the glamour of English videos and the indecency of Indian films; the study and usage of Urdu increased to minimal levels. After a infantry coupe d’etat Pakistan dropped into the hands of Musharraf and his officers. Now, the future of the Urdu language looks bleak resting in the hands of those prepared to compromise themselves and their faith. proceeded in ‘Future’ part.

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